Membrane bioreactor (MBR) technology has emerged as a prominent solution for wastewater treatment due to its superior performance in removing organic matter, nutrients, and suspended solids. Recent advances in MBR design and operation have resulted significant improvements in process efficiency, reliability, and sustainability. These innovations in

The efficiency of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane bioreactors in treating agricultural wastewater has been a subject of comprehensive research. These systems offer benefits such as high removal rates for contaminants, compact footprint, and reduced energy usage. This article provides an analysis of recent studies that have evaluated the eff